What Size Cable for Bullet Camera

Selecting the correct cable size for your bullet camera is crucial for optimal performance, signal clarity, and power delivery. This guide breaks down everything you need to know—from cable types and gauge recommendations to installation best practices—so your surveillance system runs smoothly without interference or voltage drop.

Key Takeaways

• Use RG59 coaxial cable for analog bullet cameras: It’s the industry standard for transmitting video signals over moderate distances with minimal loss.
• Choose 18 AWG or 16 AWG power cables: Thicker gauges (lower AWG numbers) reduce voltage drop, especially over long runs or high-power cameras.
• Opt for Siamese cable for combined power and video: This dual-purpose cable simplifies installation by bundling power and video lines in one sheath.
• Consider distance when selecting cable size: Longer runs require thicker cables or signal boosters to maintain video quality and stable power.
• Avoid mixing cable types: Using mismatched cables can cause interference, signal degradation, or power issues.
• Weatherproof your connections: Use waterproof junction boxes and connectors to protect outdoor bullet camera setups from moisture and corrosion.
• Test before finalizing installation: Always verify signal strength and power delivery at the camera end before securing cables permanently.

Understanding Bullet Cameras and Their Cabling Needs

Bullet cameras are among the most popular choices for outdoor and indoor surveillance due to their sleek design, durability, and ease of installation. These cylindrical cameras are typically mounted on walls or ceilings and are known for their long, narrow shape—resembling a “bullet,” hence the name. They’re commonly used in homes, businesses, parking lots, and retail stores because they offer clear video quality, night vision, and weather resistance.

But while the camera itself is important, what many people overlook is the critical role that cables play in ensuring your bullet camera functions properly. Whether you’re setting up a single camera or a full security system, choosing the right cable size isn’t just about convenience—it directly impacts video clarity, power stability, and overall system reliability. A poorly chosen cable can lead to grainy footage, flickering images, or even complete system failure due to voltage drop or signal interference.

So, what size cable for bullet camera should you use? The answer depends on several factors: the type of camera (analog, HD-over-Coax, or IP), the distance between the camera and the recorder or power source, the power requirements of the camera, and whether you’re running power and video through separate cables or a combined solution. In this guide, we’ll walk you through each of these considerations so you can make an informed decision and avoid common pitfalls.

Types of Cables Used with Bullet Cameras

Before diving into cable sizes, it’s essential to understand the different types of cables used with bullet cameras. Each type serves a specific purpose and is suited for different camera technologies and installation scenarios.

Coaxial Cables (RG59 and RG6)

Coaxial cables are the traditional choice for analog and HD-over-Coax bullet cameras, such as those using AHD (Analog High Definition), TVI (Transport Video Interface), or CVI (Composite Video Interface) technologies. The most common type is RG59 coaxial cable, which is widely used for video transmission in CCTV systems.

RG59 cables consist of a central copper conductor surrounded by insulation, a braided shield, and an outer protective jacket. They’re ideal for runs up to 300 feet (about 90 meters) without significant signal loss. For longer distances, RG6 coaxial cable is a better option because it has a thicker center conductor and better shielding, reducing attenuation and interference.

When choosing coaxial cable for your bullet camera, always ensure it’s rated for outdoor use if installed externally. Look for cables labeled “direct burial” or “UV-resistant” to withstand sun, rain, and temperature changes.

Siamese Cable: Power and Video in One

One of the most convenient options for bullet camera installations is Siamese cable. This hybrid cable combines a coaxial video line (usually RG59) with a pair of power wires (typically 18 AWG) inside a single outer jacket. This eliminates the need to run separate cables for power and video, simplifying installation and reducing clutter.

Siamese cables are perfect for DIYers and professionals alike. They’re especially useful when mounting cameras in hard-to-reach areas where running multiple cables would be difficult. Just remember: the power wires in Siamese cable are usually 18 AWG, which is sufficient for most bullet cameras over standard distances (under 200 feet). For longer runs or higher-power cameras, you may need to upgrade to a Siamese cable with 16 AWG power conductors.

Ethernet Cables (Cat5e and Cat6) for IP Cameras

If you’re using an IP (Internet Protocol) bullet camera, you’ll likely be using Ethernet cables like Cat5e or Cat6. These cables transmit both data and power (via PoE—Power over Ethernet), making them a clean and efficient solution for modern surveillance systems.

Cat5e supports speeds up to 1 Gbps and is suitable for most IP cameras within 328 feet (100 meters). Cat6 offers better performance and reduced crosstalk, making it ideal for high-resolution cameras or environments with electromagnetic interference. Both cables can deliver power using PoE switches or injectors, eliminating the need for a separate power source near the camera.

However, keep in mind that Ethernet cables are not typically used with analog bullet cameras. If you’re mixing camera types, ensure your cabling matches the technology.

Choosing the Right Cable Gauge for Power

When it comes to powering your bullet camera, the cable gauge—measured in AWG (American Wire Gauge)—is one of the most important factors. The gauge determines how much electrical current the wire can carry and how much voltage drop occurs over distance.

Voltage drop happens when electricity travels through a wire and loses strength due to resistance. This can cause your camera to underperform, flicker, or shut down entirely. The longer the cable run and the thinner the wire, the greater the voltage drop.

Understanding AWG and Voltage Drop

AWG numbers can be confusing: the lower the number, the thicker the wire. For example, 16 AWG is thicker than 18 AWG and can carry more current with less resistance. Most bullet cameras operate on 12V DC or 24V AC and draw between 0.5A to 1.5A of current, depending on features like infrared LEDs, heaters, or motors.

As a general rule:

• 18 AWG: Suitable for runs up to 200 feet (60 meters) for standard bullet cameras.
• 16 AWG: Recommended for runs over 200 feet or for cameras with high power demands (e.g., those with built-in heaters or zoom motors).
• 14 AWG: Used for very long runs (300+ feet) or multiple cameras on a single power line.

To calculate voltage drop, you can use online calculators or the formula:
Voltage Drop = (2 × Length × Current × Resistance per 1000 ft) / 1000

For example, a 12V camera drawing 1A over a 250-foot run using 18 AWG cable (6.39 ohms per 1000 ft) would experience a voltage drop of about 3.2V—leaving only 8.8V at the camera, which may be insufficient. Upgrading to 16 AWG (4.02 ohms per 1000 ft) reduces the drop to 2V, delivering a safer 10V to the camera.

Practical Tips for Power Cable Selection

Here are some practical tips to help you choose the right power cable gauge:

• Measure the distance accurately: Use a tape measure or laser distance tool to determine the exact length from the power source to the camera.
• Account for extra length: Always add 10–15% extra cable for slack, routing around corners, and future adjustments.
• Use a centralized power supply: Instead of individual adapters, use a multi-output power supply box to reduce clutter and improve reliability.
• Consider power injectors: For IP cameras, PoE injectors can eliminate the need for separate power cables altogether.
• Avoid daisy-chaining power: Running multiple cameras on a single long cable can compound voltage drop—use separate lines or a powered distribution box.

Video Signal Transmission and Cable Quality

Just as important as power delivery is the quality of the video signal transmitted from your bullet camera to the recorder or monitor. Poor cable quality or incorrect sizing can result in blurry images, color distortion, or signal loss—especially over long distances.

Signal Loss and Attenuation

All cables experience attenuation, which is the gradual loss of signal strength as it travels through the wire. This is more pronounced in coaxial cables over long runs. For analog systems, attenuation can cause ghosting, snow, or complete signal dropout.

To minimize signal loss:

• Use high-quality coaxial cables with 95% or higher copper braiding for better shielding.
• Avoid sharp bends or kinks in the cable, which can damage the inner conductor.
• Use proper connectors (e.g., BNC connectors) and crimp tools to ensure secure, low-resistance connections.
• For runs over 300 feet, consider using a video amplifier or switching to fiber optic or IP-based systems.

Interference and Shielding

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) from power lines, motors, or fluorescent lights can disrupt video signals. This is why shielding is critical in coaxial and Ethernet cables.

Look for cables with:

• Dual or quad shielding: Combines foil and braided shielding for maximum protection.
• Foiled twisted pair (FTP) in Ethernet cables: Helps reduce crosstalk and EMI in Cat5e/Cat6 cables.
• Separate conduits: When running power and video cables parallel, keep them at least 12 inches apart or use metal conduits to block interference.

For example, if you’re installing a bullet camera near a transformer or electrical panel, use heavily shielded RG6 coaxial cable and route it away from power lines to avoid noise in your video feed.

Installation Best Practices for Bullet Camera Cables

Even the best cable won’t perform well if it’s installed incorrectly. Proper installation ensures longevity, reliability, and optimal performance for your bullet camera system.

Routing and Protection

When running cables, avoid exposing them to physical damage or environmental hazards. Use conduit, cable trays, or surface raceways to protect wires, especially in high-traffic areas or outdoor installations.

For outdoor setups:

• Bury direct-burial cables at least 18–24 inches deep, or use PVC conduit for added protection.
• Use weatherproof junction boxes to house connections and prevent moisture ingress.
• Seal all entry points with silicone or rubber grommets to keep water out.

Labeling and Organization

Label both ends of each cable with the camera number or location. This makes troubleshooting and future upgrades much easier. Use color-coded tags or heat-shrink labels for quick identification.

Keep cables neatly bundled with zip ties or Velcro straps, but avoid over-tightening, which can damage the insulation.

Testing Before Finalizing

Before securing cables permanently, test the system:

• Check video quality on the monitor or NVR.
• Measure voltage at the camera end with a multimeter to ensure it’s within the acceptable range (e.g., 11–13V for a 12V camera).
• Verify that night vision, motion detection, and other features are working properly.

If you notice issues, double-check connections, cable length, and power supply capacity before making adjustments.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even experienced installers can make mistakes when it comes to cabling. Here are some common pitfalls and how to avoid them:

Using the Wrong Cable Type

Don’t use Ethernet cables for analog cameras or vice versa. Mixing technologies leads to incompatibility and poor performance.

Ignoring Distance Limits

Running a 400-foot coaxial cable without amplification will likely result in a weak or lost signal. Always check the manufacturer’s recommended maximum distance.

Overloading Power Supplies

Connecting too many cameras to a single power supply can cause overheating and voltage drop. Calculate total power draw and use a supply with at least 20% extra capacity.

Poor Connector Installation

Loose or improperly crimped connectors are a leading cause of signal loss. Use quality tools and follow manufacturer instructions.

Neglecting Weatherproofing

Outdoor connections must be sealed. Even a small gap can allow moisture to enter and corrode wires over time.

Conclusion

Choosing the right size cable for your bullet camera isn’t just a technical detail—it’s a foundational step in building a reliable, high-performing surveillance system. From understanding cable types like RG59, Siamese, and Cat6, to selecting the correct gauge for power and video transmission, every decision impacts the final result.

Remember: thicker cables (lower AWG) reduce voltage drop over long distances, shielded cables prevent interference, and proper installation ensures longevity. Whether you’re setting up a single camera in your backyard or a multi-camera network for a business, taking the time to choose and install the right cables will save you headaches down the road.

So, what size cable for bullet camera should you use? For most standard installations, an RG59 coaxial cable with 18 AWG power wires in a Siamese configuration is a solid choice. For longer runs or higher demands, upgrade to RG6 and 16 AWG. And if you’re using IP cameras, Cat6 with PoE offers a clean, future-proof solution.

With the right cables and a little planning, your bullet cameras will deliver clear, stable footage—rain or shine, day or night.

Frequently Asked Questions

What size cable do I need for a 12V bullet camera?

For a 12V bullet camera, use 18 AWG power cable for runs up to 200 feet. For longer distances or high-power cameras, upgrade to 16 AWG to prevent voltage drop.

Can I use Cat5e cable for an analog bullet camera?

No, Cat5e is designed for IP cameras and data transmission. Analog bullet cameras require coaxial cables like RG59 for video signals.

Is Siamese cable better than separate power and video cables?

Siamese cable simplifies installation by combining power and video in one sheath, reducing clutter and labor. It’s ideal for most bullet camera setups.

How far can I run RG59 cable without signal loss?

RG59 coaxial cable can reliably transmit video up to 300 feet. Beyond that, consider RG6 or a video amplifier to maintain signal quality.

What causes voltage drop in bullet camera cables?

Voltage drop occurs due to wire resistance, especially over long distances or with thin cables (high AWG). Using thicker wires (lower AWG) minimizes this issue.

Do I need to weatherproof bullet camera cables?

Yes, outdoor installations require weatherproof cables, connectors, and junction boxes to protect against moisture, UV rays, and corrosion.